Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania vs Trustees Of Columbia University

Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania (B) and Trustees Of Columbia University (B) are close on the LakeQuality efficiency rubric. With grades this close, the choice between them turns on factors outside the rubric: mission alignment with donor priorities, program track record, or geographic focus.

With composite scores this close, the decision should weight non-financial factors: the specific program work each organization does, the geography they serve, the donor's relationship with leadership, and the marginal value of each additional dollar of funding to the organization.